The Solid Liquid Integrated Cycle (SLICE) rocket engine uses a solid propellant gas generator for the fuel and a liquid oxidizer. The propellants are combusted in an array of small thrusters with the exhaust expanded on an aerospike nozzle. SLICE reduces cost by using safe, easy to handle propellants and by taking advantage of economy of scale in the manufacturing of the thrusters. The objective of this effort was to mature SLICE propulsion technology in order to prepare it for use on NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center’s Towed Glider Air Launched System (TGALS).
Rocket and Propulsion Technology Research (RAPTR)
Rocket and Propulsion Technology Research (RAPTR) at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) RQ-West detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, CA, under subcontract to Jacobs.
Under the Rocket and Propulsion Technology Research (RAPTR) contract, Exquadrum provides on-site basic, exploratory and experimental research and development (R&D) support to the AFRL/RQ-West under subcontract to Jacobs for development and transitioning of a wide spectrum of rocket and space propulsion-related technologies to the warfighter. Specific scientific and technical R&D areas include combustion processes, fluid dynamics and materials sciences; chemical/material sciences; aerophysics and plasma physics; analytical chemistry; in-space propulsion; high-payoff propulsion technologies; and high energy density matter.
Jacobs was selected by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate West (AFRL/RQ-West), for the RATPR contract at Edwards Air Force Base in California. AFRL/RQ-West is part of the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). RAPTR provides on-site research and development to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RQ-West) across a wide spectrum of propulsion-related areas. As a subcontractor to Jacobs, Exquadrum conducts scientific and engineering research, development, and testing in propulsion sciences (thermodynamics, structures, combustion, fluid flows, chemistry, propellants, materials, plasma devices, missile components/systems, etc.) for the AFRL Propulsion Directorate. Exquadrum has been directly supporting the Propulsion Directorate for over 15 years in technical areas which are highly complementary to its support under the RAPTR contract.
The $225 million, cost-plus-fixed-fee award has an eight-year, 10-month period of performance that commences April 1, 2020, with a 24-month base period, and includes two 41-month option periods.
Operational Fires (OpFires)
Exquadrum’s mission on the DARPA Operational Fires (OpFires) program was to develop and demonstrate a highly innovative rocket booster to launch hypersonic boost glide weapons to penetrate modern enemy air defenses and rapidly and precisely engage critical time sensitive targets. DARPA awarded Exquadrum a $15.1 million Prime Contract in September 2018. Exquadrum partnered with key subcontractor, Dynetics of Huntsville, Alabama, in order to achieve DARPA’s challenging technical and programmatic objectives.
Three weeks after contract award, Exquadrum began hot-fire, static testing of TopFuel rocket propulsion technology, which uses a tactical, liquid monopropellant to augment and control a solid rocket motor enabling a wide range of throttleabilty and energy management capability to meet OpFires mission objectives. By the time that technical work on the OpFires contract ended in June 2020, Exquadrum had conducted over 200 hot-fire, TopFuel rocket tests. Exquadrum was the only one of the three OpFires Prime Contractors to conduct a full-scale, full-duration static test within the first year after contract award.
In June 2020, Exquadrum conducted its final OpFires rocket test known as the Technology Maturation Event 2A (TME2A). TME2A was a second full-scale, full-duration (90+ second) static test, but used flight-ready solid propellant and liquid monopropellant. The hardware was primarily flight-weight, but the stage structure/case was heavy-weight. TopFuel rocket propulsion technology is now ready to transition to a host of advanced flight applications from hypersonics to traditional rocket booster systems.
DARPA Approved for Public Release the following materials about Exquadrum’s OpFires program:
- DARPA’s OpFires TME1 Press Release
- Exquadrum’s OpFires TME2A Press Release
- Photo of Exquadrum’s OpFires TME2A Test (see above)
- Accelerated-Time Video of Exquadrum’s OpFires TME2A Test
- Normal-Time Video of Exquadrum’s OpFires TME2A Test
Low-Cost Turbopump for Expendable Launch Technology (LCTPA)
The Low-Cost Turbopump for Expendable Launch Technology (LCTPA) program engineered and fabricated a low-cost turbopump for to meet the cost objectives of the XS-1 engine.
The Low-Cost Turbopump for Expendable Launch Technology (LCTPA) program engineered and fabricated a low-cost turbopump for to meet the cost objectives of the DARPA XS-1 vehicle engine. The turbopump is a “clean sheet” design for a 35k pound force engine and utilizes additive and traditional manufacturing technologies to reduce part count and machining time. The system is a single shaft liquid oxygen pump and liquid hydrogen pump driven by an expander cycle powered methane turbine.
Logistics for Aerospace Research and Development Operations (LAREDO)
Logistics for Aerospace Research and Development Operations (LAREDO) at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) RQ-West detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, CA.
The LAREDO contact supports facility operations for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) RQ-West detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, CA., including logistics material control, hazardous material, quality assurance, and vehicle control. The performance work statement (PWS) expands on Exquadrum’s successful CHEMMS contract which was the predecessor to LAREDO. The objective of this contract is to provide AFRL with the capability to support a variety of logistics services required to sustain site Research and Development (R&D) operations. In support of this mission, the Mission Support Division and Logistics Support Branch provide logistics support to service LMCA (Supply) operations, Munitions [Munitions Section operations, HAZMART (Pharmacy) operations, and Special Fuels/Propellants/Cryogenics operations], Vehicle Control support, Quality Assurance (QA) technical support and Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) management. Exquadrum support the Mission Support Division to accomplish this R&D support.
Exquadrum provides all on-site management, personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, transportation, tools, materials, supervision, and other items and non-personal services necessary to perform the LAREDO support function. Critical to this support, Exquadrum performs to the standards in the PWS and requires specialized knowledge of logistics and/or hazardous materials. This includes the planning, coordination, and surveillance of the activities necessary to ensure disciplined work performance and timely resources application to accomplish all tasking under the contract. Exquadrum is also responsible for and required to implement, and maintain management control systems necessary to plan, organize, direct, and control all activities under this contract. In performing these elements, maintaining communication with the contracting officer (CO), the contracting officer’s representative (COR) and the Air Force Program Manager (AFPM), is essential to ensure timely performance on the contract.
The fixed price LAREDO contract has a five-year performance that commenced on April 1, 2020, with a 12-month base period, and four 12-month option periods
Hybrid Upper Stage Booster (HUSB)
Exquadrum conducted the Hybrid Upper Stage Booster (HUSB) program for NASA in order to develop a new technology called the Solid/Liquid Integrated Cycle Engine (SLICE).
The Hybrid Upper Stage Booster (HUSB) Phase II program achieved all of its objectives. The feasibility of the Solid/Liquid Integrated Cycle Engine (SLICE) propulsion concept has been decisively demonstrated. A gas-generator propellant designated as Exquadrazine 6514 was developed that is low cost, but has high performance. The propellant received a Department of Transportation (DOT) hazard classification of 1.4C, which is the safest possible rating for a formulation that is designated for use in rocket propulsion. The engine ignited readily and smoothly in all tests. Combustion was stable with smooth transients during throttling. The effort concluded with a test of three combustors operating from a single gas-generator with the exhaust exiting on a section of an aerospike nozzle.
Heated and Mobile Munitions Employing Rockets (HAMMER)
The US Air Force named Exquadrum a “Designated Subcontractor” for the Heated and Mobile Munitions Employing Rockets (HAMMER)program and gave us the mission to develop a munition designed to thermally neutralize Chemical and Biological Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Many of Exquadrum’s earliest contracts were aimed at evolving solid rocket propellant technology to enable destruction of chemical and biological Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). Exquadrum’s exciting and successful technology was brought out into the open in 2008 when Wired magazine published a surprise article on our work entitled “Secret Rocket Balls Target WMD Bunkers.” Kinetic Fireball Incendiary mania began worldwide with graphics created and posted by fans. This new-found fame led the US Air Force to name Exquadrum a “Designated Subcontractor” for the Heated and Mobile Munitions Employing Rockets (HAMMER)program. HAMMER was a $21.6M program to create an air-dropped penetrator munition based on Exquadrum’s technology. The technology was successfully demonstrated at Dugway Proving Ground. Where is this technology today? Exquadrum can neither confirm nor deny…
Low-Cost Fabrication Methods for Arcjet Heater Segments
Exquadrum developed an innovative, yet highly cost effective, approach to the fabrication of new arcjet heater segments for this research project. Segmented arcjet heaters support the critical development of hypersonic capabilities for the US DoD. Arcjet facilities reproduce thermal environments encountered during flight from Mach 8 to 20. Work completed on the program resulted in the award of US Patent 7,509,851 B1
Consolidated Hazardous & Energetic Material Management Services (CHEMMS)
Consolidated Hazardous & Energetic Material Management Services (CHEMMS) at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) RQ-West detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, CA.
The CHEMMS contact supported operations for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) RQ-West detachment at Edwards Air Force Base, CA. This performance work statement (PSW) detailed support requirements associated with Hazardous Material (HM) and Hazardous Waste (HW) Management at the AFRL. Exquadrum provided all support functions defined under DOD and AF directives to assist the AFRL in the implementation of Federal, State, County and local Safety, Health, and Environmental compliance programs. This support included the management of HM to include chemicals, fuels/propellants, munitions/explosives and HW and environmental protection and performance monitoring.
Exquadrum provided control, maintenance, technical and logistics support for HM and HW (including operating the site HAZMART) and rocket fuels/propellants (including operating the site fuels/propellants storage area). In addition, we provided munitions/energetic storage/transportation operational support and vehicle control administrative support. This support serves RDT&E operations at the AFRL as well as other host base and tenant organizations as required. Exquadrum was responsible for managing approval/order processing, inventory, maintenance, inspection, storage/handling, safety and security of hazardous and accountable assets worth over $10M. Exquadrum was responsible for customer service, quality control of documents, records management, work center scheduling, managing work center training program In addition, we were responsible for data processing in government material management systems used for asset/process approval, tracking and inventory management of over 10,000hazardous chemicals/gases, over 4000 munitions/energetics and over 50 vehicles. Exquadrum provided all labor, supervision, vehicles, equipment, tools, materials and other items and services to perform these functions
During the performance of the four-year contract (base with three option years), Exquadrum established a complete solution for the AF and ensured that all aspects of the PWS and the evolving customer requirements were met. This was especially important as the CHEMMS contract was a new support vehicle for the AFRL. Throughout the four-year term, Exquadrum provided exemplary performance as summarized in exceptional contractor performance assessment reports (CPARs).